是什麼在維繫著一個社區?
WHAT HOLDS A COMUNITY TOGETHER?
本文是歐洲生態村紀錄片【全新的我們 A New We】中所介紹的一個生態村典範Institute for Global Peacework
(IGP) 之肇建者Dieter Duhm的演講文。
取材自神聖整體一章，By：Dieter Duhm 博士
自從瑞士阿斯科那的斐麗塔社區(Monte Verita in
Ascona)經歷百年實驗，仍不免失敗的例子之後，義大利也有一個失敗的案例…我們不禁要問，是什麼可以維繫一個社區合而不散，是什麼可以讓它不再失敗?什麼可以讓社區的力量，不斷彼此增益呢?
Dr. Dieter Duhm
(Chapter of his book: The Sacred Matrix)
After a hundred years of failed community experiments since Monte Verita in Ascona, Italy (which also failed), one is justified in
asking: What holds acommunity together, what stops it from failing, and how is its power increased?
首先，最重要的一點，這需要一個強而有力的想法，一個概念，一個目標，那不僅僅是想要與人接觸的個人渴望，也不只是想要有一個家的感覺。較具體的例子，是像蓋一個和諧的花園，建立一個兒童樂園，一所轉型的學校，一套完整的能源計畫，一座藝術中心，一個媒體及大眾交誼中心…等等。這些概念，越是符合客觀需求，就越能得到大眾的支持。
First of all it needs a strong idea, a concept, or a goal, which is more than a personal desire for contact and a feeling of home. Some examples would be building a peace garden, establishing a children’s republic, a school of transformation, an encompassing energy project, an art centre, a media and communication centre, etc. The more its concept corresponds to an objective necessity, the more it will be supported by the universe.
第二，需要有處理人際衝突的好方法， 它需要一個心靈-精神層面的核心觀念，當人際關係瀕臨絕裂的時候，仍能保持它的效果。
Secondly, it needs good methods to deal with human conflict. It needs A mental-spiritual concept, which remains effective even when human relationships threaten to break down.
第三，需要一些勇於負責的人們，當很多事情進行不順利時，仍有足夠的力量為社區理念挺身而出，這需要一個不尋常的強大且穩定的力量。
Third, it needs a few responsible people, who have the strength to stand up for the community idea even when many things go wrong. It needs an unusually strong staying power.
第四，它不需要頂層管理者或任何領域性的概念，需要的是那些負擔主要責任的人們之間的互相合作。一個願意負有更大責任的社區之創建,
其先決條件就是負責人間，恆常互相效力的聯繫，而沒有暗地裡的權力競爭。
Fourth, it does not need any top dogs or territorial thinking; instead, it needs cooperation among those who have taken on the main responsibility. A prerequisite for the creation of any community that has taken on a larger task is a permanent circle of responsible people, without secret competition for power and position.
第五，需要有明確的公共區域，每一個成員都應該知道他自己的位置與工作。就像身體裡的每一個器官，團體裡每一個人都有個特別的功能。一旦社區達到特定規模時，勞務工作的明確分配，就更顯重要，而各個領導者的功能，也要有清楚的畫分。
Fifth, it needs a clear infrastructure. Every member should know their place and their task. Like every organ in the body, every person has a special function within the whole. Once a certain size has been reached, it is important to have a precise division of labour and a clear assignment of leadership functions.
第六，需要一個自主形成的領導結構，它是由天生具有領導力的人們所組成，他們在人際與專業上的能力是一致且不相上下的，並擁有整個團體的信任，這些人的特質，必須成熟到不會濫用自己的職位，以謀取自身利益與權利。舊權力結構出身的人們，不適合這樣的領導角色，即便他們積極想爭取這樣的職位。未來的社區，不應該建立在權威或反權威的基礎上。
Sixth, it needs a leadership structure that is free of domination, consisting of persons who are natural authorities, because they have the corresponding human and professional abilities, and because they have the group’s trust. The character of these persons must be so mature that they do not misuse their position for selfinterest and power. People with the old power structure are not suitable to function as leaders, even when they themselves immediately want to take on leadership roles. Future communities should neither have an authoritarian nor an anti-authoritarian basis.
第七，它的成員們必須具備專業背景。為了整體的發展，社區發展的方向與意願，是不能被成員一時的感覺或情緒所左右。特立獨行的人和嘻皮都是很好的人，卻不能創造一個良好發展的社區。
Seventh, it needs the professionalism of their members. For the whole to develop, it needs a direction and a will that is not influenced by the momentary feelings and moods of the members. Freaks and hippies were often quite nice people, but they could not create functioning communities.
第八，為了增益彼此的信賴，所有重要的過程或決定，都要公開透明。特別是在與性別、感情、權力、金錢與財務相關的領域，建立透明化與使用合適的方法是必要的（如自我表達的機會或論壇）和清晰的溝通。否則社區將會很快地，因為隱藏的衝突，而淪為衝突下的祭品。
Eighth, in order for trust to grow, all important processes and decisions must be transparent. Especially in the areas of sex, love, authority and power, money, and economy, it is necessary to create transparency using suitable methods (such as self-expression or forum) and clear communication. Otherwise, the community will soon fall victim to hidden conflicts.
第九，它需要情感上的活力與生命力，否則整個團體會變得僵化，趨於過度理想化或乏味。過去這種類型社區的分崩離析，要麼是因為情愛上的糾葛，不然就是因為打壓了它，群體生活和追求個人感官的享受，是兩個相反的概念。事實上，一個自在而誠實的情愛關係，只會建立在具有共識基礎的社群關係上。要有這樣好的結果，一些平常會發生的阻礙，就需要有適當的方法去克服。
Ninth, it needs sexual vitality and liveliness. It will otherwise become rigid, ideological, or boring. In the past, communities either fell apart because of the Eros or else they suppressed it. Community and Eros were two opposing concepts. In reality, a free and honest Eros can only develop on a communitarian basis. For this to occur, the normal hindrances must be overcome in an appropriate way.
第十，它需要一再承諾人我間的互愛、互信、互助的人性基本價值。並需要與這個時代的人道主義議題連結，以及與全球資源議題的結合。當擁有越多的意義與適當性，就會領受到越多的力量，而任務就會成長，意願增強了，新的可能性便會看到。在每個計畫之中，或許是個祥和的花園，一座擁有生命概念的藝術或科技中心，會隨著我們努力越久而越圓滿。
Tenth, it needs the re-commitment to the human basic values of neighbourly love, hospitality, trust, and mutual support. It needs the connection with the issues of humanity of our times and with the universal source of life. The more general human validity and meaning it has, the more power it will receive. The task then grows, the will strengthens, and new possibilities become visible. Behind every project – be it a peace garden, an art or a technological centre - there is a life concept, which becomes more encompassing the longer we work.
第十一，它還需要一些凝結人心的歌曲，一些美味佳餚，一些儀式。一個以健康方式發展的社區，它們會有自己的慶祝盛宴與歡慶時刻，這些是為了感念與祝賀自己的社區，自然轉型成為具體美好生活的節慶時刻。這時社區會突然找到了自己的主題曲，有了自己的圖騰，自己的箴言，自己的標誌，這些都凝聚社區生活中的力量與喜悅。從某個角度看，未來的社區發展，將會隨著共同擴大的慶祝活動，而日漸開展。
Eleventh, it needs authentic songs, feasts, and rituals. For every community that develops and grows in a healthy way there comes a time when it celebrates its own feasts and finds its own rituals. This is when thankfulness and celebration naturally transform to a festive form of life. Suddenly the community finds songs of its own, its own icons, mantras, and signs that focus its power and joy of life. At some point, every community of the future will begin each day with a kind of joint celebration.
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更多資訊，歡迎聯繫
For more information, please contact:
Institute for Global Peacework (IGP)
Tamera, Monte do Cerro
P-7630-303 Colos Portugal
Ph: +351 283 635 484, Fax: +351 283 635 374
eMail: dd (at) dieter-duhm.com
www.dieter-duhm.com
Distribution is wished and allowed by mentioning the source!
轉 http://www.facebook.com/skydance.davis
進器轉動將生物菌＋木屑與排泄物混合以調整水分。
